Food security is a major issue related to the development of China's national economy, social stability, and national independence. Deepening the implementation of the strategy of "storing grain in the ground and storing grain in technology" and improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity is a practical need to ensure food security. China is currently in a critical period of transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. High standard farmland construction can effectively improve agricultural production conditions, develop new quality productivity, and enhance the equipment level of existing agriculture, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of existing arable land resources and land output efficiency. It can also promote a virtuous cycle and sustainable development of the agricultural ecological environment.
The No. 1 central document in 2023 pointed out that "we should strengthen the construction of high standard farmland, promote efficient water-saving irrigation as a whole, improve the long-term management and protection mechanism, and formulate the implementation plan for gradually turning all permanent basic farmland into high standard farmland".
The No. 1 central document in 2025 pointed out that "strengthen the protection and quality improvement of cultivated land, promote high-quality farmland construction, and optimize the construction content".
Construction content:
1. Agricultural Intelligent Planting Command Center
The core hub of the project area, responsible for commanding and scheduling the operation of all equipment within the project area. The command center is a color steel house, and various systems such as a large screen splicing display system (3 × 3 splicing screens), video surveillance system, intelligent central control system, large screen signal processing system, video conference system, audio system, voice dispatch system, multimedia information publishing system, digital conference system, network system, UPS distribution system, and computer room monitoring system are planned to be built. The system realizes the collection of front-end video, audio, and multimedia information resources that need to be monitored in the demonstration area through network and communication transmission to the comprehensive control platform of the monitoring command center, achieving resource sharing and unified processing of information.
It also includes equipment such as a command center, office computers, cabinets, main network fiber optic cables, comprehensive cabling, and a conference table that can accommodate 20 people.
2.Visual Coverage
The visualization system first uses Web GIS technology to accurately draw the full view of the farm in Google Maps into the management system, and carries out information and digital management of the farm. The farm is reasonably divided, registered, changed, and managed according to the land parcels, and records the information of each piece of land. The system transmits high-definition camera real-time video images to the cloud server through the Internet to achieve visual management.
The visual high-definition camera adopts a high-definition infrared high-speed ball, which is based on the ordinary infrared high-speed ball and uses a 4-megapixel 73 times high-definition all-in-one machine. The high-definition video encoder is integrated into the ball motherboard, making the infrared high-speed ball a pure digital network type high-definition infrared high-speed ball. By imaging the infrared light emitted by the infrared light on the high-speed ball, which is invisible to the naked eye, monitoring can be achieved even without any light. According to the different types of infrared lamps selected, the actual infrared irradiation distance can reach from 30 meters to 200 meters.
3、 Four situation monitoring
* Miao situation detection
Using continuous spectrum to collect reflectance data of soil or crops, analyzing the spectral response of soil or crop bands, obtaining the most sensitive hyperspectral characteristic parameters for various types of soil and crops, and estimating various physical and chemical parameters based on this, analyzing the physiological state of crops, and obtaining agricultural information.
By utilizing technologies such as remote sensing and satellite positioning systems, a large amount of spatiotemporal information on crop production environment, growth status, and spatial variation can be obtained in real time, enabling timely management of agriculture. The development trends of crop seedlings, pests and diseases, and soil moisture can be analyzed and simulated, thus truly achieving intelligent management of agriculture.
The spore information automatic capture system is used to monitor the spores of disease pathogens, detect the stock and diffusion dynamics of disease spores, and provide reliable data for predicting and preventing disease outbreaks and infections. The 100x optical magnification microscope can capture high-definition spore images in real time and upload them for statistical analysis. Realize all-weather unmanned operation, automatically monitor spore conditions, capture diseased spores, and complete cultivation, imaging, uploading and storage.
**Insect monitoring
By utilizing various systems such as light, electricity, numerical control technology, Internet of Things systems, and meteorological systems, the far-infrared automatic processing of insect bodies can be achieved. Without human supervision, the system can automatically complete tasks such as insect attraction, pest control, collection, packaging, and drainage.
***Disaster monitoring - environmental monitoring meteorological station
The regional microenvironment has a huge impact on agricultural production. Installing environmental monitoring meteorological stations can summarize and analyze accumulated data, and prepare in advance to avoid the impact of environmental factors on agricultural production.
The environmental monitoring meteorological station can be equipped with more than 30 types of sensors to monitor the small environmental climate information of the installation area 24 hours a day. It can real-time monitor and analyze important environmental information such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, carbon dioxide, sunshine hours, evaporation, rainfall, light and effective radiation, ultraviolet radiation, total silicon radiation, total radiation, etc. It is powered by solar energy and displays sensor uploaded data in real time on LED screens. At the same time, data is reported and stored in the cloud, which can be viewed, analyzed, and summarized through mobile phones and computers.
**** Soil moisture monitoring
Multiple sensors are used to monitor the soil layer by layer, with a monitoring depth of 1-2 meters. The monitoring data includes pH, ESP value, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, humus, etc. The project conducts soil testing and formula fertilization throughout the entire area to improve product quality and yield, and reduce resource waste.
4. Smart Irrigation - Integrated Water and Fertilizer
The integrated water and fertilizer technology has a significant water-saving effect compared to traditional irrigation; The organic combination of water and fertilizer saves fertilizer, water, and labor, ensuring the water and fertilizer needs of crops and significantly reducing costs and increasing efficiency; And it can significantly reduce pests, diseases, and weeds, reduce pesticide use, which is the technical core of standardized production and significantly improves quality.
5. Smart Agriculture Management System
The smart agriculture management system is implemented according to the functional layout of agricultural production stages, with a systematic management concept. It utilizes integrated application computer and network technology, Internet of Things technology, audio and video technology, and big data technology to achieve agricultural production automation, intelligence, and remote control through agricultural visualization remote diagnosis and control, disaster warning, and other intelligent management. This improves the management efficiency of agricultural production and enhances the added value of agricultural products.
The smart agriculture management system is a software system customized according to customer needs, including but not limited to farm management, OA system, smart agricultural machinery, equipment management, warehouse management, crop image library, pest and disease database, planting and production, data analysis, product traceability, basic information and other modules. It can cover various stages of agricultural production, operation, warehousing, and sales.
6. Whole process unmanned smart farm
* Unmanned cultivation
The system is based on high-precision Beidou satellite positioning technology, advanced navigation and steering control algorithms, and achieves centimeter level high-precision field operations. It can achieve automatic planning of homework routes, reduce homework overlap and omissions, increase effective arable land area, and improve the utilization efficiency of crop light, heat, and water. Due to the ability to work at night, the efficiency of agricultural machinery can be improved.
By using a tractor equipped no till automatic seeder for sowing, a series of processes such as automatic tillage, fertilization, etc. are achieved, and an automatic seeding and fertilization mode is added to save labor and increase the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations.
** Unmanned agricultural machinery spraying medicine
By using a tractor to carry a pesticide dispenser for spraying, the process can be controlled, which can effectively save manpower, reduce labor intensity, improve work efficiency, and save more than 20% of medicine. And display various operation information such as agricultural machinery operation trajectory through the information platform, dynamically check the operation quality, and conduct statistical analysis on the operation data.
*** Multi spectral photography using unmanned aerial vehicles
Using drones equipped with multispectral lenses to collect multispectral data of crops at different growth stages in the field, analyzing in detail the multispectral characteristics of different crops at different growth stages and under different meteorological conditions, establishing a crop spectral database, analyzing pests and diseases, and conducting yield measurement work.
****Unmanned harvesting
Configure unmanned driving system and remote monitoring system for harvesting operations, which can achieve unmanned harvesting operations based on path planning. Real time uploading of monitoring system for the working area, working pictures, working trajectories, overlapping and missing data during the harvesting process, achieving remote information-based monitoring of unmanned harvesting operations.
Using a grain harvester for unmanned harvesting, it can harvest over 200 acres per day, and can also monitor yield, harvest area, and other information online, and update, upload, and store them in real-time.
***** Intelligent Fertilizer Farming Hangar
The fertilizer and agricultural machinery warehouse is made of light steel structure, which is sturdy, safe, moisture-proof, warm, ventilated, and does not affect the surrounding environment, meeting the storage needs of fertilizer and agricultural machinery. Add automatic seed and fertilizer addition mode, unmanned agricultural machinery returns to the warehouse for seed and fertilizer addition after a certain period of field operation, automatically travels according to the planned route, and automatically adds seeds and fertilizers to ensure the continuity of operation and save time. At the same time, design a cleaning area for agricultural machinery, connect to a clean water source, and perform automatic flushing treatment after agricultural machinery operation. Design drainage channels to ensure that the cleanliness of agricultural machinery does not affect its next use.
The construction of high standard smart farms in dry fields can achieve precise and efficient operations in unmanned environments, thereby solving the problems of poor agricultural planting environments, high labor intensity, high precision requirements, and difficult safety risk prevention. Due to the tireless operation of unmanned machinery, it can work 24 hours a day, which can solve the problem of large-scale operations within the specified time and season, and is particularly important for agricultural production.
The construction of a high standard smart farm for dry fields can achieve the goals of saving manpower, improving mechanical efficiency, reducing fertilizer and medicine input, and increasing production and income. It is expected to save more than 60% of human resources, increase fertilizer and medicine input by more than 20%, increase production and income by more than 5%, and improve machinery utilization by more than 40%.